====== HP-UX ======

====== Bootup/Shutdown ======

  * shutdown -r 0 --> reboot
  * shutdown -h now  --> shutdown and halt
  * shutdown 0 --> shutdown to single user mode
  * reboot 0 --> reboot
  * init 1 - single user mode
  * hpux -is  boots single user mode

===== Interupting the boot process =====

  * Configuration Menu
  * Information Menu
  * Service Menu

===== GSP Mode =====

  * From the console hit <ctrl><b>
  * Hit <Enter> at the GSP console login (default is no password)
  * Now low level commands can be entered
    * ps  --> power status

===== To reboot to single user mode: =====

  - shutdown -r 0
  - hit <space> during 10 sec window to interrupt reboot
  - enter: <b><o>
  - interact with ipl? yes
  - hpux -is  (i=init, s=single user)

===== To reboot manually to init 3 level =====

  - shutdown -r 0
  - <space> during 10 sec window
  - bo
  - interact with ipl  --> yes
  - hpux -is   (i=init, s=single user mode)
  - mount -a
  - init 3

===== Startup/Shutdown Scripts =====

  * /sbin/init.d
  * /sbin/rc0.d          These are all linked to actual scripts in /sbin/init.d
  * /sbin/rc1.d
  * /sbin/rc2.d         scripts with k are kill scripts and scripts with s are start scritps.
  * /sbin/rc3.d
  * /sbin/rc4.d
  * /etc/rc.config.d    --> Scripts

====== CIFS (Samba) ======

/opt/etc/samba/smb.conf

====== Device Management ======

HP-UX is a hardware path based operating system.  When it boots up it does a hardware detection.  It then compares the hardware that it detects with the hardware that is listed in /etc/ioconfig.  If new hardware is detected, it is assigned the next available configuration information in the proper hardware path.

rmsf - remove special files

insf - install special files

insf -C disk -e   <-- This command will re-install all of the device files for the class "disk"

lsdev   <-- Lists devices and drivers in the system

ioscan   <-- searches for all devices and displays their hardware path

ioscan -fnC disk  <-- searches for all devices of  class (C) disk

ioscan -fnH <LUN>  <-- searches for a LUN

last 2 digits of hardware path in the LUN in octal  (1/12/0/0.1.23)

===== Disk Devices =====

A disk device will have a name in the following format:  c#t#d#

  * c# is the card number
  * t# is the target number
  * d# is the LUN - this is normally 0 unless RAID is being utilized

scsictl -a /dev/rdsk/c?t?d?  <-- display control parameter information about the disk device

scsictl -a -m queue_depth=4 -m queue_depth /dev/rdsk/c?t?d?      <-- sets the queue depth

===== CD-ROM Devices =====

nohup /usr/sbin/pfs_mountd &  - starts process

nohup /usr/sbin/pfds &  - starts process

pfs_mount -o xlat=unix /dev/dsk/c0t1d0 /cdrom        - mounts cdrom

===== Cdrom won't eject: =====

  - pfs_umount -c **OR**
  - kill -9 pfs_mountd and kill -9 mountd

===== Cdrom won't mount using:  pfs_mount -o xlat=unix /dev/dsk/c0t1d0 /cdrom =====

  - nohup /usr/sbin/pfs_mountd &
  - nohup /usr/sbin/pfsd
  - /usr/sbin/pfs_mount /cdrom    <-- this uses mounting information in /etc/pfs_fstab

===== 7400 Disk Array =====

  * armdsp -a va7400   <-- real time display of the disk array
  * armmgr -D va7400 HPA6189A00SG218H0024
  * armdiscover  /opt/sanmgr/commandview/client/sbin    -->  Tells us the serial number
  * armhost -d <Array Worldwide Name> <Serial #>
  * armhost -d 50060b000014e313 00SG218J0024
  * ioscan -fnc disk | more

**cvui - creates luns**

  * Choose storage array
  * Create LUN
    * Find last LUN
    * Create with new lun number
  * View existing luns

===== Process to export disk configuration to a file: =====

  * sam --> actions-->export
  * volume group name  --> mapfile name

===== Fibre Channel Devices =====

**ioscan -fknC fc**  <-- Lists fibre channel adapters.

==== To identify the devices: ====

ls -l /dev/fc*

fcmsutil - utility for fibre channel operations

**fcmsutil /dev/<device>**

==== Procedure to run fcmsutil on a fibre channel: ====

ioscan -fnC disk|more   --> Identify hw path of fibre channel adapter

ioscan -fnH 1/0/0/0  -->  Identify device of fibre channel adapter

or ls /dev/fc* on older adapters (arbitrated loop)

fcmsutil /dev/fcms2 stat  -->  fcmsutil that shows status of fibre channel adapter

====== Logs ======

^/etc/rc.log               ^Startup Log                      ^
|/var/adm/sw/swagent.log   |Software package installation log|
|/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log|System Error Log                 |
|/etc/shutdownlog          |Shutdown Log                     |
|/var/tombstones/ts99      |Crash log                        |

====== Login Environment ======

/etc/profile - main profile for all users

/etc/profile.env

export TMPDIR=/tmpsort

export TEMPDIR=/tmpsort

source a profile:    ". ./profile"

===== Changing prompt: =====

export PS1=$(hostname):'$PWD # '

This gives a prompt that has the hostname followed by the current directory, ending in the # (useful for root logins).

====== Networking ======

netstat -a   <--ports

netstat -i  <--interfaces

netstat -r  <--routing table

netstat -rv  <--routing table and subnet mask

lanscan - provides hardware information about the nics in the server

lanadmin - menu driven interface to administer lan nics

lanadmin -x 0  bypass menu and show lan driver specific options for nic with id 0

lanadmin -X 100FD 0  - bypass menu and set nic at id 0 to 100 MBS, Full Duplex

ioscan -fnkC lan   - shows ioscan information for device type "lan"

lanscan -i|awk '{print $1}'|xargs -i ifconfig {}   -> does an ifconfig on all defined interfaces on that server

===== Changing the IP Address and Subnet mask: =====

  * set_parms ip_address
  * Then supply ip address and subnet mask when prompted.  This process will require a reboot.

===== Changing the Default Gateway =====

  * cd rc.config.d
  * vi netconf

===== Network Time Protocol (NTP) =====

ntpq -p   --> lists ntp peers and their time sync status

ntpq -p <server fqdn or ip address>  --> lists time sync status with that server (slightly different detail than ntpq -p)

/etc/ntp.conf  --> configuration file

Changes to the configuration require ntp daemon (xntpd) be stopped and restarted (restart is not recognized):

  * /sbin/init.d/xntpd stop
  * /sbin/init.d/xntpd start

====== Printing ======

^**Command**                            ^**Description**                                                   ^
|cancel                                 |deletes print jobs from queue                                     |
|hppi                                   |jet admin                                                         |
|ls -d<destination> -o<optioni> file    |prints a file                                                     |
|lpadmin                                |                                                                  |
|lpsched -v                             |                                                                  |
|lpstat                                 |lists jobs in queue. -s  -t                                       |
|pr .profile | lp -n3                   |prints                                                            |
|pr -o10 -l64 -F -h <HEADER> <file> | lp|prints using margins of 10, page length of 64, header on each page|

/etc/lp

/usr/lib/lp

/var/adm/lp

/var/spool/lp

/etc/lp/interface - interface scripts

/var/sam/lp/lpinfo

===== Migrating the printer configuration from one server to another server using SAM: =====

==== On the source server: ====

  * SAM  --> Printers & Plotters --> LP Spooler --> Save/Restore Spooler Configuration
  * Actions --> Save Spooler Configuration
    * This saves the information in the directory /var/sam/lp
  * Save this directory using tar:  "**tar -cvf /tmp/lp.tar /var/sam/lp**"
  * Copy this tar file to the destination server

==== On the destination server: ====

  * Extract this file:  "tar -xvf lp.tar"
  * SAM --> Printers & Plotters --> LP Spooler --> Save/Restor Spooler Configuration
  * Actions --> Restore Spooler Configuration

====== Performance Monitoring ======

top

     j  moves forward pages in the display

     k moves backwared pages in the display

glance (if installed)

sar -q 

sar -u 

sar -d 

vmstat

vminfo

====== Process Management ======

^**Command**                       ^**Description**                                                           ^
|inetd -c                          |Causes inet to reload /etc/inetd.conf                                     |
|inetd -l                          |starts logging in /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log                              |
|ps -ef | grep PROD                |list all processes, but only show those processes that have "PROD" in them|
|/sbin/init.d/<script> [start|stop]|If the script exists, this will stop and start the associated processes.  |

/etc/services   -->  Lists the services and their configuration

/etc/inetd.conf  --> Lists the services and their configuration

/var/adm/inetd.sec   -->  This file contains security information on who may request a particular process

====== Remote Access ======

rcp <source> remote_machine:<path>

remsh <host>

rlogin <host>

.rhosts file needs to be configured or else you will be prompted for username and password (located in home directory)

last -R  - gives address information of last remote login, useful for troubleshooting

====== Software Installation and Management ======

===== To install patches and software use: =====

**swinstall  -->  **This will lauch the gui or 

**swinstall** -x <option> -x <option> -s <path to depot>  -->  This will still lauch the gui, but the parameters will be preselected.  This is use to allow selection of additional parameters that may not be selectable from the gui itself (such as the logging levels below)

===== For example some popular options are: =====

  * -x mount_all_filesystems=false
  * -x logdetail=true
  * -x loglevel=2

===== Note:   =====

  * To install a depot you must specify the complete path to the depot and the depot name.
  * To install patches you must specify the complete path to the directory that has the patch files.

===== Location of  logfiles: =====

/var/adm/sw/swagent.log

/var/adm/sw/swinstall.log

====== Listing all Software ======

swlist -l product | more

**Checking for Specific Software**

swlist -l product | grep <SEARCH STRING>

**Checking for Specific Patches**

swlist -l product| grep PH | more

then search for a specific patch (ie PHNE_XXXXX)

===== Manually applying patches =====

Patches can be applied using swinstall, just as depots are installed

  * swlist -l patch -a patch_state PHKL_25475

swcopy -s /tmp/*.depot -\*@/var/spool/sw

===== Cleaning up after applying patches: =====

cleanup

cleanup -c n  <--  commits patches that have been superseded n number of times.  Useful to free up disk space in /var/adm/sw/save.

cleanup -p  <-- previews the actual cleanup tasks but does not actually perform the cleanup

check_patches

show_patches

===== Creating a single patch depot out of multiple individual depots: =====

From the directory that has all of the individual depots run this command line script:

for i in PH*.depot

do

        swcopy -x enforce_dependencies=false -s ${PWD}/$i \* @ /tmp/patch_depot         <-- /tmp/patch_depot is the destination directory

done

====== System Information ======

Note:  See section on STM, detailed system information is available with this utility

           Also SAM -->Performance Monitors --> System Properties

===== OS Information =====

uname -a - display general information e.g. OS release, node name, machine ID number, etc 

print $(uname -i)16op|dc  hex system id

/opt/itor/bin/i4target -v     spu

file /stand/vmunix   <-- shows whether 64 bit or 32 bit kernel

getconf KERNEL_BITS  <--shows whether 64 bit or 32 bit kernel

===== Memory Information =====

dmesg|grep Phy  <-- List amount of physical ram in server

cat syslog|grep Phy <-- List amount of physical ram in server

echo phys_mem_pages/D|adb -k /stand/vmunix /dev/kmem   <-- Lists amount of  4K Memory pages in HPUX 11.x

echo "memory_installed_in_machine/D" | adb -k /stand/vmunix /dev/mem |tail -1 | awk '$2 > 0 { print $2 / 256 }'  <--  Lists memory in MB.

echo "physmem/D" | adb /stand/vmunix /dev/kmem  <-- Lists amount of 4K Memory pages in HPUX 10.x

model   <-- information about the model of the workstation/server

sam --> Performance Monitors --> System Properties  --> Memory Tab

===== CPU Information =====

ioscan -fnC processor   <-- shows information about each processor found

echo "itick_per_usec/D" | adb -k /stand/vmunix /dev/mem | tail -1  <-- Shows CPU Speed in MHZ

sam --> Performance Monitors --> System Properties  -->Processor Tab

//echo itick_per_tick/D | adb /stand/vmunix /dev/kmem - gives processor speed //

//grep model /usr/lib/sched.models - gives type of processor for 10.X systems //

//grep model /opt/langtools/lib/sched.models - gives processor type for 11.X systems //

====== Changing the Server Name and the IP Address ======

  * Using set_parms  --> may not work correctly for multiple nics
    * set_parms hostname  ( a reboot is required for the change to take effect)
      * It will prompt you for the new hostname
      * It will prompt you to reboot (answer no if you are also changing the ip address)
    * set_parms ip_address   ( a reboot is required for the change to take effect)
      * It will prompt you for the new ip address
      * It will prompt you to reboot
  * Manually makiing the change:
    * vi /etc/hosts
    * vi /etc/rc.config.d/netconf   <-- %%**%% Make sure that no extra files are in the /etc/rc.config.d directory - it gets sourced on bootup
    * reboot
  * Other files that may need to checked/changed
    * /etc/resolv.conf
    * /etc/nsswitch.conf

====== System Tuning ======

===== Extract Current System File =====

  * cd /stand/build
  * /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -s /stand/build/system
    * file is called system
    * section called "Tunable Parameters"

kmtune - displays the tunable parameters

kmtune -l  <-- This displays a detailed report of the parameters (current, planned, default, minimum, etc)

sam allows you to tune the kernel

Manual Kernel Build (not using sam)  -->  /usr/sbin/mk_kernel -s /stand /build/system

===== STM =====

diaglogd

/var/opt/resmon/log

==== Procedure to use STM to determine memory configuration ====

  * Type **stm **at the command line
  * Type **o** to select ok
  * Press the down arrow in the displayed map and select memory by hitting the space bar
  * Press tab to go to menus and arrow over to Tools and hit enter
  * Select Information -> and hit enter
  * Select Information Log and hit enter
  * Information Tool Log for Memory will be displayed
  * To print either select Print or SaveAs (to save the log to file for later printing)

===== Command Script to print useful information to a file called info =====

echo "sel path system; info; wait; infolog

>view

>done

>"lcstm>info

#cat info

print_manifest  (located in /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifestinfo ??)

===== Command Script to print useful information =====

cstm

cstm>Map

cstm>SelAll

cstm>Information

cstm>Infolog

cstm>exit

===== Command Script to print useful information  (not sure this is complete/correct) =====

cstm

cstm>SelClass type "Disk" qualifier "All"

cstm>info;wait

cstm>il

cstm>create /tmp/disk.stm

cstm>done

cstm>quit

cstm>ok

cstm -f /tmp/disk.stm

====== Terminal Environment ======

TERM - environmental variable indicating type of terminal

stty

termio

/usr/share/lib/terminfo

setup string for xterm:  /usr/bin/X11 -ls -d @D

$DISPLAY=192.168.70.80:0.0

$TERM = xterm

stty

stty -all

Running Exceed  --> xstart

  * <ctrl> Rightl Click  --> Huge

====== Starting an X-Window application from telnet ======

start an X-Window server on the PC, such as exceed

export DISPLAY=W.X.Y.Z:0.0     <---W.X.Y.Z is the IP Address of the PC

/opt/ignite/bin/ignite                          <---Now just run the program

==== Configuring an HP 700/96 Terminal for a server connection: ====

  * Terminal Ports
    * Port 1 
      * Datacommunications
      * 25 Pin - use this to connect to the N class server with a 25 pin to 9 pin cable
    * Port 2 - used to connect to an external peripheral
      * Parallel
      * 25 Pin
    * Port 3
      * Datacommunications
      * 9 Pin - use this port to connect to the A class server with a 9 pin to 25 pin cable
  * Terminal Configuration Settings
    * Press User/System function key
      * modes
        * Remote Mode must have an asterisk in it's box (indicating it is selected)
      * config keys
        * datacomm config
          * baud rate 9600
          * parity:  none/8
          * xon/xoff
        * terminal config
          * serial (2)/parallel(1) - 25 pin console port
          * serial (1)/parallel(1) - 9 pin console port
          * Term ID - vt100
          * Term Mode - em100
        * ansi config
          * em100
          * backspace/del

====== Users Administration ======

===== Creating Users =====

  * sam --> user and group accounts
  * useradd -g users -d <homedirectory> Username

===== Creating Groups =====

sam --> user and group accounts

groupadd Groupname

===== Useful Commands =====

^**Command**                              ^**Description**                                                   ^
|<esc><esc> or <esc>\                     |autocompletion                                                    |
|file *                                   |Show file types, such as "ascii".                                 |
|find <path> -name <name> -print          |Finds a file in the OS at the starting path on down               |
|grep                                     |                                                                  |
|groups <username>                        |Shows groups for a user                                           |
|kmtune                                   |Displays kernel tunable parameters                                |
|listusers -g <group>                     |Lists the users in a group                                        |
|ln -s <file or directory> <symbolic link>|Creates a symbolic link to a file or a directory                  |
|pr -o10 -l64 -F -h <HEADER> <file> | lp  |prints using margins of 10, page length of 64, header on each page|
|rcp <source> remote_machine:<path>       |remote copy                                                       |
|remsh <host>                             |opens a remote command shell on the host machine                  |
|rlogin <host>                            |remote login to host machine                                      |
|sar                                      |                                                                  |
|set_parms                                |Change host name (/etc/set_parms)                                 |
|tail -f <file>                           |Looks at end of file and keeps it open to watch changes           |
|top                                      |realtime display of processes                                     |
|uname -a                                 |information about the system                                      |
|print $(uname -i)16op|dc                 |prints hex system id                                              |
|who -u, who -Rm                          |who is using the system                                           |

===== Process to recover from a lost/forgotten root password =====

  - Power off the server
  - Power on the server
  - Interupt the boot process during the 10 second interval (display will indicate this on the screen)
  - **bo pri**
  - Answer **yes** to interact with the ipl
  - At the prompt "**hpux -is**" for single user mode
  - **cd /sbin**
  - **passwd root**  and  follow prompts to put in new password
  - **shutdown -r 0**  to reboot to multiuser mode